Source file src/go/types/lookup.go

     1  // Code generated by "go test -run=Generate -write=all"; DO NOT EDIT.
     2  // Source: ../../cmd/compile/internal/types2/lookup.go
     3  
     4  // Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     5  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     6  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     7  
     8  // This file implements various field and method lookup functions.
     9  
    10  package types
    11  
    12  import (
    13  	"bytes"
    14  	"go/token"
    15  )
    16  
    17  // Internal use of LookupFieldOrMethod: If the obj result is a method
    18  // associated with a concrete (non-interface) type, the method's signature
    19  // may not be fully set up. Call Checker.objDecl(obj, nil) before accessing
    20  // the method's type.
    21  
    22  // LookupFieldOrMethod looks up a field or method with given package and name
    23  // in T and returns the corresponding *Var or *Func, an index sequence, and a
    24  // bool indicating if there were any pointer indirections on the path to the
    25  // field or method. If addressable is set, T is the type of an addressable
    26  // variable (only matters for method lookups). T must not be nil.
    27  //
    28  // The last index entry is the field or method index in the (possibly embedded)
    29  // type where the entry was found, either:
    30  //
    31  //  1. the list of declared methods of a named type; or
    32  //  2. the list of all methods (method set) of an interface type; or
    33  //  3. the list of fields of a struct type.
    34  //
    35  // The earlier index entries are the indices of the embedded struct fields
    36  // traversed to get to the found entry, starting at depth 0.
    37  //
    38  // If no entry is found, a nil object is returned. In this case, the returned
    39  // index and indirect values have the following meaning:
    40  //
    41  //   - If index != nil, the index sequence points to an ambiguous entry
    42  //     (the same name appeared more than once at the same embedding level).
    43  //
    44  //   - If indirect is set, a method with a pointer receiver type was found
    45  //     but there was no pointer on the path from the actual receiver type to
    46  //     the method's formal receiver base type, nor was the receiver addressable.
    47  func LookupFieldOrMethod(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
    48  	if T == nil {
    49  		panic("LookupFieldOrMethod on nil type")
    50  	}
    51  	return lookupFieldOrMethod(T, addressable, pkg, name, false)
    52  }
    53  
    54  // lookupFieldOrMethod is like LookupFieldOrMethod but with the additional foldCase parameter
    55  // (see Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase).
    56  func lookupFieldOrMethod(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
    57  	// Methods cannot be associated to a named pointer type.
    58  	// (spec: "The type denoted by T is called the receiver base type;
    59  	// it must not be a pointer or interface type and it must be declared
    60  	// in the same package as the method.").
    61  	// Thus, if we have a named pointer type, proceed with the underlying
    62  	// pointer type but discard the result if it is a method since we would
    63  	// not have found it for T (see also go.dev/issue/8590).
    64  	if t := asNamed(T); t != nil {
    65  		if p, _ := t.Underlying().(*Pointer); p != nil {
    66  			obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(p, false, pkg, name, foldCase)
    67  			if _, ok := obj.(*Func); ok {
    68  				return nil, nil, false
    69  			}
    70  			return
    71  		}
    72  	}
    73  
    74  	obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(T, addressable, pkg, name, foldCase)
    75  
    76  	// If we didn't find anything and if we have a type parameter with a core type,
    77  	// see if there is a matching field (but not a method, those need to be declared
    78  	// explicitly in the constraint). If the constraint is a named pointer type (see
    79  	// above), we are ok here because only fields are accepted as results.
    80  	const enableTParamFieldLookup = false // see go.dev/issue/51576
    81  	if enableTParamFieldLookup && obj == nil && isTypeParam(T) {
    82  		if t := coreType(T); t != nil {
    83  			obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(t, addressable, pkg, name, foldCase)
    84  			if _, ok := obj.(*Var); !ok {
    85  				obj, index, indirect = nil, nil, false // accept fields (variables) only
    86  			}
    87  		}
    88  	}
    89  	return
    90  }
    91  
    92  // lookupFieldOrMethodImpl is the implementation of lookupFieldOrMethod.
    93  // Notably, in contrast to lookupFieldOrMethod, it won't find struct fields
    94  // in base types of defined (*Named) pointer types T. For instance, given
    95  // the declaration:
    96  //
    97  //	type T *struct{f int}
    98  //
    99  // lookupFieldOrMethodImpl won't find the field f in the defined (*Named) type T
   100  // (methods on T are not permitted in the first place).
   101  //
   102  // Thus, lookupFieldOrMethodImpl should only be called by lookupFieldOrMethod
   103  // and missingMethod (the latter doesn't care about struct fields).
   104  //
   105  // The resulting object may not be fully type-checked.
   106  func lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
   107  	// WARNING: The code in this function is extremely subtle - do not modify casually!
   108  
   109  	if name == "_" {
   110  		return // blank fields/methods are never found
   111  	}
   112  
   113  	// Importantly, we must not call under before the call to deref below (nor
   114  	// does deref call under), as doing so could incorrectly result in finding
   115  	// methods of the pointer base type when T is a (*Named) pointer type.
   116  	typ, isPtr := deref(T)
   117  
   118  	// *typ where typ is an interface (incl. a type parameter) has no methods.
   119  	if isPtr {
   120  		if _, ok := under(typ).(*Interface); ok {
   121  			return
   122  		}
   123  	}
   124  
   125  	// Start with typ as single entry at shallowest depth.
   126  	current := []embeddedType{{typ, nil, isPtr, false}}
   127  
   128  	// seen tracks named types that we have seen already, allocated lazily.
   129  	// Used to avoid endless searches in case of recursive types.
   130  	//
   131  	// We must use a lookup on identity rather than a simple map[*Named]bool as
   132  	// instantiated types may be identical but not equal.
   133  	var seen instanceLookup
   134  
   135  	// search current depth
   136  	for len(current) > 0 {
   137  		var next []embeddedType // embedded types found at current depth
   138  
   139  		// look for (pkg, name) in all types at current depth
   140  		for _, e := range current {
   141  			typ := e.typ
   142  
   143  			// If we have a named type, we may have associated methods.
   144  			// Look for those first.
   145  			if named := asNamed(typ); named != nil {
   146  				if alt := seen.lookup(named); alt != nil {
   147  					// We have seen this type before, at a more shallow depth
   148  					// (note that multiples of this type at the current depth
   149  					// were consolidated before). The type at that depth shadows
   150  					// this same type at the current depth, so we can ignore
   151  					// this one.
   152  					continue
   153  				}
   154  				seen.add(named)
   155  
   156  				// look for a matching attached method
   157  				if i, m := named.lookupMethod(pkg, name, foldCase); m != nil {
   158  					// potential match
   159  					// caution: method may not have a proper signature yet
   160  					index = concat(e.index, i)
   161  					if obj != nil || e.multiples {
   162  						return nil, index, false // collision
   163  					}
   164  					obj = m
   165  					indirect = e.indirect
   166  					continue // we can't have a matching field or interface method
   167  				}
   168  			}
   169  
   170  			switch t := under(typ).(type) {
   171  			case *Struct:
   172  				// look for a matching field and collect embedded types
   173  				for i, f := range t.fields {
   174  					if f.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
   175  						assert(f.typ != nil)
   176  						index = concat(e.index, i)
   177  						if obj != nil || e.multiples {
   178  							return nil, index, false // collision
   179  						}
   180  						obj = f
   181  						indirect = e.indirect
   182  						continue // we can't have a matching interface method
   183  					}
   184  					// Collect embedded struct fields for searching the next
   185  					// lower depth, but only if we have not seen a match yet
   186  					// (if we have a match it is either the desired field or
   187  					// we have a name collision on the same depth; in either
   188  					// case we don't need to look further).
   189  					// Embedded fields are always of the form T or *T where
   190  					// T is a type name. If e.typ appeared multiple times at
   191  					// this depth, f.typ appears multiple times at the next
   192  					// depth.
   193  					if obj == nil && f.embedded {
   194  						typ, isPtr := deref(f.typ)
   195  						// TODO(gri) optimization: ignore types that can't
   196  						// have fields or methods (only Named, Struct, and
   197  						// Interface types need to be considered).
   198  						next = append(next, embeddedType{typ, concat(e.index, i), e.indirect || isPtr, e.multiples})
   199  					}
   200  				}
   201  
   202  			case *Interface:
   203  				// look for a matching method (interface may be a type parameter)
   204  				if i, m := t.typeSet().LookupMethod(pkg, name, foldCase); m != nil {
   205  					assert(m.typ != nil)
   206  					index = concat(e.index, i)
   207  					if obj != nil || e.multiples {
   208  						return nil, index, false // collision
   209  					}
   210  					obj = m
   211  					indirect = e.indirect
   212  				}
   213  			}
   214  		}
   215  
   216  		if obj != nil {
   217  			// found a potential match
   218  			// spec: "A method call x.m() is valid if the method set of (the type of) x
   219  			//        contains m and the argument list can be assigned to the parameter
   220  			//        list of m. If x is addressable and &x's method set contains m, x.m()
   221  			//        is shorthand for (&x).m()".
   222  			if f, _ := obj.(*Func); f != nil {
   223  				// determine if method has a pointer receiver
   224  				if f.hasPtrRecv() && !indirect && !addressable {
   225  					return nil, nil, true // pointer/addressable receiver required
   226  				}
   227  			}
   228  			return
   229  		}
   230  
   231  		current = consolidateMultiples(next)
   232  	}
   233  
   234  	return nil, nil, false // not found
   235  }
   236  
   237  // embeddedType represents an embedded type
   238  type embeddedType struct {
   239  	typ       Type
   240  	index     []int // embedded field indices, starting with index at depth 0
   241  	indirect  bool  // if set, there was a pointer indirection on the path to this field
   242  	multiples bool  // if set, typ appears multiple times at this depth
   243  }
   244  
   245  // consolidateMultiples collects multiple list entries with the same type
   246  // into a single entry marked as containing multiples. The result is the
   247  // consolidated list.
   248  func consolidateMultiples(list []embeddedType) []embeddedType {
   249  	if len(list) <= 1 {
   250  		return list // at most one entry - nothing to do
   251  	}
   252  
   253  	n := 0                     // number of entries w/ unique type
   254  	prev := make(map[Type]int) // index at which type was previously seen
   255  	for _, e := range list {
   256  		if i, found := lookupType(prev, e.typ); found {
   257  			list[i].multiples = true
   258  			// ignore this entry
   259  		} else {
   260  			prev[e.typ] = n
   261  			list[n] = e
   262  			n++
   263  		}
   264  	}
   265  	return list[:n]
   266  }
   267  
   268  func lookupType(m map[Type]int, typ Type) (int, bool) {
   269  	// fast path: maybe the types are equal
   270  	if i, found := m[typ]; found {
   271  		return i, true
   272  	}
   273  
   274  	for t, i := range m {
   275  		if Identical(t, typ) {
   276  			return i, true
   277  		}
   278  	}
   279  
   280  	return 0, false
   281  }
   282  
   283  type instanceLookup struct {
   284  	// buf is used to avoid allocating the map m in the common case of a small
   285  	// number of instances.
   286  	buf [3]*Named
   287  	m   map[*Named][]*Named
   288  }
   289  
   290  func (l *instanceLookup) lookup(inst *Named) *Named {
   291  	for _, t := range l.buf {
   292  		if t != nil && Identical(inst, t) {
   293  			return t
   294  		}
   295  	}
   296  	for _, t := range l.m[inst.Origin()] {
   297  		if Identical(inst, t) {
   298  			return t
   299  		}
   300  	}
   301  	return nil
   302  }
   303  
   304  func (l *instanceLookup) add(inst *Named) {
   305  	for i, t := range l.buf {
   306  		if t == nil {
   307  			l.buf[i] = inst
   308  			return
   309  		}
   310  	}
   311  	if l.m == nil {
   312  		l.m = make(map[*Named][]*Named)
   313  	}
   314  	insts := l.m[inst.Origin()]
   315  	l.m[inst.Origin()] = append(insts, inst)
   316  }
   317  
   318  // MissingMethod returns (nil, false) if V implements T, otherwise it
   319  // returns a missing method required by T and whether it is missing or
   320  // just has the wrong type: either a pointer receiver or wrong signature.
   321  //
   322  // For non-interface types V, or if static is set, V implements T if all
   323  // methods of T are present in V. Otherwise (V is an interface and static
   324  // is not set), MissingMethod only checks that methods of T which are also
   325  // present in V have matching types (e.g., for a type assertion x.(T) where
   326  // x is of interface type V).
   327  func MissingMethod(V Type, T *Interface, static bool) (method *Func, wrongType bool) {
   328  	return (*Checker)(nil).missingMethod(V, T, static, Identical, nil)
   329  }
   330  
   331  // missingMethod is like MissingMethod but accepts a *Checker as receiver,
   332  // a comparator equivalent for type comparison, and a *string for error causes.
   333  // The receiver may be nil if missingMethod is invoked through an exported
   334  // API call (such as MissingMethod), i.e., when all methods have been type-
   335  // checked.
   336  // The underlying type of T must be an interface; T (rather than its under-
   337  // lying type) is used for better error messages (reported through *cause).
   338  // The comparator is used to compare signatures.
   339  // If a method is missing and cause is not nil, *cause describes the error.
   340  func (check *Checker) missingMethod(V, T Type, static bool, equivalent func(x, y Type) bool, cause *string) (method *Func, wrongType bool) {
   341  	methods := under(T).(*Interface).typeSet().methods // T must be an interface
   342  	if len(methods) == 0 {
   343  		return nil, false
   344  	}
   345  
   346  	const (
   347  		ok = iota
   348  		notFound
   349  		wrongName
   350  		unexported
   351  		wrongSig
   352  		ambigSel
   353  		ptrRecv
   354  		field
   355  	)
   356  
   357  	state := ok
   358  	var m *Func // method on T we're trying to implement
   359  	var f *Func // method on V, if found (state is one of ok, wrongName, wrongSig)
   360  
   361  	if u, _ := under(V).(*Interface); u != nil {
   362  		tset := u.typeSet()
   363  		for _, m = range methods {
   364  			_, f = tset.LookupMethod(m.pkg, m.name, false)
   365  
   366  			if f == nil {
   367  				if !static {
   368  					continue
   369  				}
   370  				state = notFound
   371  				break
   372  			}
   373  
   374  			if !equivalent(f.typ, m.typ) {
   375  				state = wrongSig
   376  				break
   377  			}
   378  		}
   379  	} else {
   380  		for _, m = range methods {
   381  			obj, index, indirect := lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(V, false, m.pkg, m.name, false)
   382  
   383  			// check if m is ambiguous, on *V, or on V with case-folding
   384  			if obj == nil {
   385  				switch {
   386  				case index != nil:
   387  					state = ambigSel
   388  				case indirect:
   389  					state = ptrRecv
   390  				default:
   391  					state = notFound
   392  					obj, _, _ = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(V, false, m.pkg, m.name, true /* fold case */)
   393  					f, _ = obj.(*Func)
   394  					if f != nil {
   395  						state = wrongName
   396  						if f.name == m.name {
   397  							// If the names are equal, f must be unexported
   398  							// (otherwise the package wouldn't matter).
   399  							state = unexported
   400  						}
   401  					}
   402  				}
   403  				break
   404  			}
   405  
   406  			// we must have a method (not a struct field)
   407  			f, _ = obj.(*Func)
   408  			if f == nil {
   409  				state = field
   410  				break
   411  			}
   412  
   413  			// methods may not have a fully set up signature yet
   414  			if check != nil {
   415  				check.objDecl(f, nil)
   416  			}
   417  
   418  			if !equivalent(f.typ, m.typ) {
   419  				state = wrongSig
   420  				break
   421  			}
   422  		}
   423  	}
   424  
   425  	if state == ok {
   426  		return nil, false
   427  	}
   428  
   429  	if cause != nil {
   430  		if f != nil {
   431  			// This method may be formatted in funcString below, so must have a fully
   432  			// set up signature.
   433  			if check != nil {
   434  				check.objDecl(f, nil)
   435  			}
   436  		}
   437  		switch state {
   438  		case notFound:
   439  			switch {
   440  			case isInterfacePtr(V):
   441  				*cause = "(" + check.interfacePtrError(V) + ")"
   442  			case isInterfacePtr(T):
   443  				*cause = "(" + check.interfacePtrError(T) + ")"
   444  			default:
   445  				*cause = check.sprintf("(missing method %s)", m.Name())
   446  			}
   447  		case wrongName:
   448  			fs, ms := check.funcString(f, false), check.funcString(m, false)
   449  			*cause = check.sprintf("(missing method %s)\n\t\thave %s\n\t\twant %s", m.Name(), fs, ms)
   450  		case unexported:
   451  			*cause = check.sprintf("(unexported method %s)", m.Name())
   452  		case wrongSig:
   453  			fs, ms := check.funcString(f, false), check.funcString(m, false)
   454  			if fs == ms {
   455  				// Don't report "want Foo, have Foo".
   456  				// Add package information to disambiguate (go.dev/issue/54258).
   457  				fs, ms = check.funcString(f, true), check.funcString(m, true)
   458  			}
   459  			if fs == ms {
   460  				// We still have "want Foo, have Foo".
   461  				// This is most likely due to different type parameters with
   462  				// the same name appearing in the instantiated signatures
   463  				// (go.dev/issue/61685).
   464  				// Rather than reporting this misleading error cause, for now
   465  				// just point out that the method signature is incorrect.
   466  				// TODO(gri) should find a good way to report the root cause
   467  				*cause = check.sprintf("(wrong type for method %s)", m.Name())
   468  				break
   469  			}
   470  			*cause = check.sprintf("(wrong type for method %s)\n\t\thave %s\n\t\twant %s", m.Name(), fs, ms)
   471  		case ambigSel:
   472  			*cause = check.sprintf("(ambiguous selector %s.%s)", V, m.Name())
   473  		case ptrRecv:
   474  			*cause = check.sprintf("(method %s has pointer receiver)", m.Name())
   475  		case field:
   476  			*cause = check.sprintf("(%s.%s is a field, not a method)", V, m.Name())
   477  		default:
   478  			panic("unreachable")
   479  		}
   480  	}
   481  
   482  	return m, state == wrongSig || state == ptrRecv
   483  }
   484  
   485  func isInterfacePtr(T Type) bool {
   486  	p, _ := under(T).(*Pointer)
   487  	return p != nil && IsInterface(p.base)
   488  }
   489  
   490  // check may be nil.
   491  func (check *Checker) interfacePtrError(T Type) string {
   492  	assert(isInterfacePtr(T))
   493  	if p, _ := under(T).(*Pointer); isTypeParam(p.base) {
   494  		return check.sprintf("type %s is pointer to type parameter, not type parameter", T)
   495  	}
   496  	return check.sprintf("type %s is pointer to interface, not interface", T)
   497  }
   498  
   499  // funcString returns a string of the form name + signature for f.
   500  // check may be nil.
   501  func (check *Checker) funcString(f *Func, pkgInfo bool) string {
   502  	buf := bytes.NewBufferString(f.name)
   503  	var qf Qualifier
   504  	if check != nil && !pkgInfo {
   505  		qf = check.qualifier
   506  	}
   507  	w := newTypeWriter(buf, qf)
   508  	w.pkgInfo = pkgInfo
   509  	w.paramNames = false
   510  	w.signature(f.typ.(*Signature))
   511  	return buf.String()
   512  }
   513  
   514  // assertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.
   515  // The receiver may be nil if assertableTo is invoked through an exported API call
   516  // (such as AssertableTo), i.e., when all methods have been type-checked.
   517  // The underlying type of V must be an interface.
   518  // If the result is false and cause is not nil, *cause describes the error.
   519  // TODO(gri) replace calls to this function with calls to newAssertableTo.
   520  func (check *Checker) assertableTo(V, T Type, cause *string) bool {
   521  	// no static check is required if T is an interface
   522  	// spec: "If T is an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the
   523  	//        dynamic type of x implements the interface T."
   524  	if IsInterface(T) {
   525  		return true
   526  	}
   527  	// TODO(gri) fix this for generalized interfaces
   528  	m, _ := check.missingMethod(T, V, false, Identical, cause)
   529  	return m == nil
   530  }
   531  
   532  // newAssertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.
   533  // It also implements behavior for interfaces that currently are only permitted
   534  // in constraint position (we have not yet defined that behavior in the spec).
   535  // The underlying type of V must be an interface.
   536  // If the result is false and cause is not nil, *cause is set to the error cause.
   537  func (check *Checker) newAssertableTo(pos token.Pos, V, T Type, cause *string) bool {
   538  	// no static check is required if T is an interface
   539  	// spec: "If T is an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the
   540  	//        dynamic type of x implements the interface T."
   541  	if IsInterface(T) {
   542  		return true
   543  	}
   544  	return check.implements(pos, T, V, false, cause)
   545  }
   546  
   547  // deref dereferences typ if it is a *Pointer (but not a *Named type
   548  // with an underlying pointer type!) and returns its base and true.
   549  // Otherwise it returns (typ, false).
   550  func deref(typ Type) (Type, bool) {
   551  	if p, _ := Unalias(typ).(*Pointer); p != nil {
   552  		// p.base should never be nil, but be conservative
   553  		if p.base == nil {
   554  			if debug {
   555  				panic("pointer with nil base type (possibly due to an invalid cyclic declaration)")
   556  			}
   557  			return Typ[Invalid], true
   558  		}
   559  		return p.base, true
   560  	}
   561  	return typ, false
   562  }
   563  
   564  // derefStructPtr dereferences typ if it is a (named or unnamed) pointer to a
   565  // (named or unnamed) struct and returns its base. Otherwise it returns typ.
   566  func derefStructPtr(typ Type) Type {
   567  	if p, _ := under(typ).(*Pointer); p != nil {
   568  		if _, ok := under(p.base).(*Struct); ok {
   569  			return p.base
   570  		}
   571  	}
   572  	return typ
   573  }
   574  
   575  // concat returns the result of concatenating list and i.
   576  // The result does not share its underlying array with list.
   577  func concat(list []int, i int) []int {
   578  	var t []int
   579  	t = append(t, list...)
   580  	return append(t, i)
   581  }
   582  
   583  // fieldIndex returns the index for the field with matching package and name, or a value < 0.
   584  // See Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase.
   585  func fieldIndex(fields []*Var, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) int {
   586  	if name != "_" {
   587  		for i, f := range fields {
   588  			if f.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
   589  				return i
   590  			}
   591  		}
   592  	}
   593  	return -1
   594  }
   595  
   596  // methodIndex returns the index of and method with matching package and name, or (-1, nil).
   597  // See Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase.
   598  func methodIndex(methods []*Func, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (int, *Func) {
   599  	if name != "_" {
   600  		for i, m := range methods {
   601  			if m.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
   602  				return i, m
   603  			}
   604  		}
   605  	}
   606  	return -1, nil
   607  }
   608  

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