fmt.go

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  package types
     6  
     7  import (
     8  	"bytes"
     9  	"encoding/binary"
    10  	"fmt"
    11  	"strconv"
    12  	"sync"
    13  
    14  	"cmd/compile/internal/base"
    15  	"cmd/internal/notsha256"
    16  )
    17  
    18  // BuiltinPkg is a fake package that declares the universe block.
    19  var BuiltinPkg *Pkg
    20  
    21  // LocalPkg is the package being compiled.
    22  var LocalPkg *Pkg
    23  
    24  // UnsafePkg is package unsafe.
    25  var UnsafePkg *Pkg
    26  
    27  // BlankSym is the blank (_) symbol.
    28  var BlankSym *Sym
    29  
    30  // numImport tracks how often a package with a given name is imported.
    31  // It is used to provide a better error message (by using the package
    32  // path to disambiguate) if a package that appears multiple times with
    33  // the same name appears in an error message.
    34  var NumImport = make(map[string]int)
    35  
    36  // fmtMode represents the kind of printing being done.
    37  // The default is regular Go syntax (fmtGo).
    38  // fmtDebug is like fmtGo but for debugging dumps and prints the type kind too.
    39  // fmtTypeID and fmtTypeIDName are for generating various unique representations
    40  // of types used in hashes, the linker, and function/method instantiations.
    41  type fmtMode int
    42  
    43  const (
    44  	fmtGo fmtMode = iota
    45  	fmtDebug
    46  	fmtTypeID
    47  	fmtTypeIDName
    48  )
    49  
    50  // Sym
    51  
    52  // Format implements formatting for a Sym.
    53  // The valid formats are:
    54  //
    55  //	%v	Go syntax: Name for symbols in the local package, PkgName.Name for imported symbols.
    56  //	%+v	Debug syntax: always include PkgName. prefix even for local names.
    57  //	%S	Short syntax: Name only, no matter what.
    58  func (s *Sym) Format(f fmt.State, verb rune) {
    59  	mode := fmtGo
    60  	switch verb {
    61  	case 'v', 'S':
    62  		if verb == 'v' && f.Flag('+') {
    63  			mode = fmtDebug
    64  		}
    65  		fmt.Fprint(f, sconv(s, verb, mode))
    66  
    67  	default:
    68  		fmt.Fprintf(f, "%%!%c(*types.Sym=%p)", verb, s)
    69  	}
    70  }
    71  
    72  func (s *Sym) String() string {
    73  	return sconv(s, 0, fmtGo)
    74  }
    75  
    76  // See #16897 for details about performance implications
    77  // before changing the implementation of sconv.
    78  func sconv(s *Sym, verb rune, mode fmtMode) string {
    79  	if verb == 'L' {
    80  		panic("linksymfmt")
    81  	}
    82  
    83  	if s == nil {
    84  		return "<S>"
    85  	}
    86  
    87  	q := pkgqual(s.Pkg, verb, mode)
    88  	if q == "" {
    89  		return s.Name
    90  	}
    91  
    92  	buf := fmtBufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
    93  	buf.Reset()
    94  	defer fmtBufferPool.Put(buf)
    95  
    96  	buf.WriteString(q)
    97  	buf.WriteByte('.')
    98  	buf.WriteString(s.Name)
    99  	return InternString(buf.Bytes())
   100  }
   101  
   102  func sconv2(b *bytes.Buffer, s *Sym, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
   103  	if verb == 'L' {
   104  		panic("linksymfmt")
   105  	}
   106  	if s == nil {
   107  		b.WriteString("<S>")
   108  		return
   109  	}
   110  
   111  	symfmt(b, s, verb, mode)
   112  }
   113  
   114  func symfmt(b *bytes.Buffer, s *Sym, verb rune, mode fmtMode) {
   115  	name := s.Name
   116  	if q := pkgqual(s.Pkg, verb, mode); q != "" {
   117  		b.WriteString(q)
   118  		b.WriteByte('.')
   119  	}
   120  	b.WriteString(name)
   121  }
   122  
   123  // pkgqual returns the qualifier that should be used for printing
   124  // symbols from the given package in the given mode.
   125  // If it returns the empty string, no qualification is needed.
   126  func pkgqual(pkg *Pkg, verb rune, mode fmtMode) string {
   127  	if pkg == nil {
   128  		return ""
   129  	}
   130  	if verb != 'S' {
   131  		switch mode {
   132  		case fmtGo: // This is for the user
   133  			if pkg == BuiltinPkg || pkg == LocalPkg {
   134  				return ""
   135  			}
   136  
   137  			// If the name was used by multiple packages, display the full path,
   138  			if pkg.Name != "" && NumImport[pkg.Name] > 1 {
   139  				return strconv.Quote(pkg.Path)
   140  			}
   141  			return pkg.Name
   142  
   143  		case fmtDebug:
   144  			return pkg.Name
   145  
   146  		case fmtTypeIDName:
   147  			// dcommontype, typehash
   148  			return pkg.Name
   149  
   150  		case fmtTypeID:
   151  			// (methodsym), typesym, weaksym
   152  			return pkg.Prefix
   153  		}
   154  	}
   155  
   156  	return ""
   157  }
   158  
   159  // Type
   160  
   161  var BasicTypeNames = []string{
   162  	TINT:        "int",
   163  	TUINT:       "uint",
   164  	TINT8:       "int8",
   165  	TUINT8:      "uint8",
   166  	TINT16:      "int16",
   167  	TUINT16:     "uint16",
   168  	TINT32:      "int32",
   169  	TUINT32:     "uint32",
   170  	TINT64:      "int64",
   171  	TUINT64:     "uint64",
   172  	TUINTPTR:    "uintptr",
   173  	TFLOAT32:    "float32",
   174  	TFLOAT64:    "float64",
   175  	TCOMPLEX64:  "complex64",
   176  	TCOMPLEX128: "complex128",
   177  	TBOOL:       "bool",
   178  	TANY:        "any",
   179  	TSTRING:     "string",
   180  	TNIL:        "nil",
   181  	TIDEAL:      "untyped number",
   182  	TBLANK:      "blank",
   183  }
   184  
   185  var fmtBufferPool = sync.Pool{
   186  	New: func() interface{} {
   187  		return new(bytes.Buffer)
   188  	},
   189  }
   190  
   191  // Format implements formatting for a Type.
   192  // The valid formats are:
   193  //
   194  //	%v	Go syntax
   195  //	%+v	Debug syntax: Go syntax with a KIND- prefix for all but builtins.
   196  //	%L	Go syntax for underlying type if t is named
   197  //	%S	short Go syntax: drop leading "func" in function type
   198  //	%-S	special case for method receiver symbol
   199  func (t *Type) Format(s fmt.State, verb rune) {
   200  	mode := fmtGo
   201  	switch verb {
   202  	case 'v', 'S', 'L':
   203  		if verb == 'v' && s.Flag('+') { // %+v is debug format
   204  			mode = fmtDebug
   205  		}
   206  		if verb == 'S' && s.Flag('-') { // %-S is special case for receiver - short typeid format
   207  			mode = fmtTypeID
   208  		}
   209  		fmt.Fprint(s, tconv(t, verb, mode))
   210  	default:
   211  		fmt.Fprintf(s, "%%!%c(*Type=%p)", verb, t)
   212  	}
   213  }
   214  
   215  // String returns the Go syntax for the type t.
   216  func (t *Type) String() string {
   217  	return tconv(t, 0, fmtGo)
   218  }
   219  
   220  // LinkString returns a string description of t, suitable for use in
   221  // link symbols.
   222  //
   223  // The description corresponds to type identity. That is, for any pair
   224  // of types t1 and t2, Identical(t1, t2) == (t1.LinkString() ==
   225  // t2.LinkString()) is true. Thus it's safe to use as a map key to
   226  // implement a type-identity-keyed map.
   227  func (t *Type) LinkString() string {
   228  	return tconv(t, 0, fmtTypeID)
   229  }
   230  
   231  // NameString generates a user-readable, mostly unique string
   232  // description of t. NameString always returns the same description
   233  // for identical types, even across compilation units.
   234  //
   235  // NameString qualifies identifiers by package name, so it has
   236  // collisions when different packages share the same names and
   237  // identifiers. It also does not distinguish function-scope defined
   238  // types from package-scoped defined types or from each other.
   239  func (t *Type) NameString() string {
   240  	return tconv(t, 0, fmtTypeIDName)
   241  }
   242  
   243  func tconv(t *Type, verb rune, mode fmtMode) string {
   244  	buf := fmtBufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
   245  	buf.Reset()
   246  	defer fmtBufferPool.Put(buf)
   247  
   248  	tconv2(buf, t, verb, mode, nil)
   249  	return InternString(buf.Bytes())
   250  }
   251  
   252  // tconv2 writes a string representation of t to b.
   253  // flag and mode control exactly what is printed.
   254  // Any types x that are already in the visited map get printed as @%d where %d=visited[x].
   255  // See #16897 before changing the implementation of tconv.
   256  func tconv2(b *bytes.Buffer, t *Type, verb rune, mode fmtMode, visited map[*Type]int) {
   257  	if off, ok := visited[t]; ok {
   258  		// We've seen this type before, so we're trying to print it recursively.
   259  		// Print a reference to it instead.
   260  		fmt.Fprintf(b, "@%d", off)
   261  		return
   262  	}
   263  	if t == nil {
   264  		b.WriteString("<T>")
   265  		return
   266  	}
   267  	if t.Kind() == TSSA {
   268  		b.WriteString(t.extra.(string))
   269  		return
   270  	}
   271  	if t.Kind() == TTUPLE {
   272  		b.WriteString(t.FieldType(0).String())
   273  		b.WriteByte(',')
   274  		b.WriteString(t.FieldType(1).String())
   275  		return
   276  	}
   277  
   278  	if t.Kind() == TRESULTS {
   279  		tys := t.extra.(*Results).Types
   280  		for i, et := range tys {
   281  			if i > 0 {
   282  				b.WriteByte(',')
   283  			}
   284  			b.WriteString(et.String())
   285  		}
   286  		return
   287  	}
   288  
   289  	if t == AnyType || t == ByteType || t == RuneType {
   290  		// in %-T mode collapse predeclared aliases with their originals.
   291  		switch mode {
   292  		case fmtTypeIDName, fmtTypeID:
   293  			t = Types[t.Kind()]
   294  		default:
   295  			sconv2(b, t.Sym(), 'S', mode)
   296  			return
   297  		}
   298  	}
   299  	if t == ErrorType {
   300  		b.WriteString("error")
   301  		return
   302  	}
   303  
   304  	// Unless the 'L' flag was specified, if the type has a name, just print that name.
   305  	if verb != 'L' && t.Sym() != nil && t != Types[t.Kind()] {
   306  		// Default to 'v' if verb is invalid.
   307  		if verb != 'S' {
   308  			verb = 'v'
   309  		}
   310  
   311  		// In unified IR, function-scope defined types will have a ·N
   312  		// suffix embedded directly in their Name. Trim this off for
   313  		// non-fmtTypeID modes.
   314  		sym := t.Sym()
   315  		if mode != fmtTypeID {
   316  			base, _ := SplitVargenSuffix(sym.Name)
   317  			if len(base) < len(sym.Name) {
   318  				sym = &Sym{Pkg: sym.Pkg, Name: base}
   319  			}
   320  		}
   321  		sconv2(b, sym, verb, mode)
   322  		return
   323  	}
   324  
   325  	if int(t.Kind()) < len(BasicTypeNames) && BasicTypeNames[t.Kind()] != "" {
   326  		var name string
   327  		switch t {
   328  		case UntypedBool:
   329  			name = "untyped bool"
   330  		case UntypedString:
   331  			name = "untyped string"
   332  		case UntypedInt:
   333  			name = "untyped int"
   334  		case UntypedRune:
   335  			name = "untyped rune"
   336  		case UntypedFloat:
   337  			name = "untyped float"
   338  		case UntypedComplex:
   339  			name = "untyped complex"
   340  		default:
   341  			name = BasicTypeNames[t.Kind()]
   342  		}
   343  		b.WriteString(name)
   344  		return
   345  	}
   346  
   347  	if mode == fmtDebug {
   348  		b.WriteString(t.Kind().String())
   349  		b.WriteByte('-')
   350  		tconv2(b, t, 'v', fmtGo, visited)
   351  		return
   352  	}
   353  
   354  	// At this point, we might call tconv2 recursively. Add the current type to the visited list so we don't
   355  	// try to print it recursively.
   356  	// We record the offset in the result buffer where the type's text starts. This offset serves as a reference
   357  	// point for any later references to the same type.
   358  	// Note that we remove the type from the visited map as soon as the recursive call is done.
   359  	// This prevents encoding types like map[*int]*int as map[*int]@4. (That encoding would work,
   360  	// but I'd like to use the @ notation only when strictly necessary.)
   361  	if visited == nil {
   362  		visited = map[*Type]int{}
   363  	}
   364  	visited[t] = b.Len()
   365  	defer delete(visited, t)
   366  
   367  	switch t.Kind() {
   368  	case TPTR:
   369  		b.WriteByte('*')
   370  		switch mode {
   371  		case fmtTypeID, fmtTypeIDName:
   372  			if verb == 'S' {
   373  				tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 'S', mode, visited)
   374  				return
   375  			}
   376  		}
   377  		tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 'v', mode, visited)
   378  
   379  	case TARRAY:
   380  		b.WriteByte('[')
   381  		b.WriteString(strconv.FormatInt(t.NumElem(), 10))
   382  		b.WriteByte(']')
   383  		tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   384  
   385  	case TSLICE:
   386  		b.WriteString("[]")
   387  		tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   388  
   389  	case TCHAN:
   390  		switch t.ChanDir() {
   391  		case Crecv:
   392  			b.WriteString("<-chan ")
   393  			tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   394  		case Csend:
   395  			b.WriteString("chan<- ")
   396  			tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   397  		default:
   398  			b.WriteString("chan ")
   399  			if t.Elem() != nil && t.Elem().IsChan() && t.Elem().Sym() == nil && t.Elem().ChanDir() == Crecv {
   400  				b.WriteByte('(')
   401  				tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   402  				b.WriteByte(')')
   403  			} else {
   404  				tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   405  			}
   406  		}
   407  
   408  	case TMAP:
   409  		b.WriteString("map[")
   410  		tconv2(b, t.Key(), 0, mode, visited)
   411  		b.WriteByte(']')
   412  		tconv2(b, t.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   413  
   414  	case TINTER:
   415  		if t.IsEmptyInterface() {
   416  			b.WriteString("interface {}")
   417  			break
   418  		}
   419  		b.WriteString("interface {")
   420  		for i, f := range t.AllMethods() {
   421  			if i != 0 {
   422  				b.WriteByte(';')
   423  			}
   424  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   425  			switch {
   426  			case f.Sym == nil:
   427  				// Check first that a symbol is defined for this type.
   428  				// Wrong interface definitions may have types lacking a symbol.
   429  				break
   430  			case IsExported(f.Sym.Name):
   431  				sconv2(b, f.Sym, 'S', mode)
   432  			default:
   433  				if mode != fmtTypeIDName {
   434  					mode = fmtTypeID
   435  				}
   436  				sconv2(b, f.Sym, 'v', mode)
   437  			}
   438  			tconv2(b, f.Type, 'S', mode, visited)
   439  		}
   440  		if len(t.AllMethods()) != 0 {
   441  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   442  		}
   443  		b.WriteByte('}')
   444  
   445  	case TFUNC:
   446  		if verb == 'S' {
   447  			// no leading func
   448  		} else {
   449  			if t.Recv() != nil {
   450  				b.WriteString("method")
   451  				formatParams(b, t.Recvs(), mode, visited)
   452  				b.WriteByte(' ')
   453  			}
   454  			b.WriteString("func")
   455  		}
   456  		formatParams(b, t.Params(), mode, visited)
   457  
   458  		switch t.NumResults() {
   459  		case 0:
   460  			// nothing to do
   461  
   462  		case 1:
   463  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   464  			tconv2(b, t.Result(0).Type, 0, mode, visited) // struct->field->field's type
   465  
   466  		default:
   467  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   468  			formatParams(b, t.Results(), mode, visited)
   469  		}
   470  
   471  	case TSTRUCT:
   472  		if m := t.StructType().Map; m != nil {
   473  			mt := m.MapType()
   474  			// Format the bucket struct for map[x]y as map.bucket[x]y.
   475  			// This avoids a recursive print that generates very long names.
   476  			switch t {
   477  			case mt.Bucket:
   478  				b.WriteString("map.bucket[")
   479  			default:
   480  				base.Fatalf("unknown internal map type")
   481  			}
   482  			tconv2(b, m.Key(), 0, mode, visited)
   483  			b.WriteByte(']')
   484  			tconv2(b, m.Elem(), 0, mode, visited)
   485  			break
   486  		}
   487  
   488  		b.WriteString("struct {")
   489  		for i, f := range t.Fields() {
   490  			if i != 0 {
   491  				b.WriteByte(';')
   492  			}
   493  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   494  			fldconv(b, f, 'L', mode, visited, false)
   495  		}
   496  		if t.NumFields() != 0 {
   497  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   498  		}
   499  		b.WriteByte('}')
   500  
   501  	case TFORW:
   502  		b.WriteString("undefined")
   503  		if t.Sym() != nil {
   504  			b.WriteByte(' ')
   505  			sconv2(b, t.Sym(), 'v', mode)
   506  		}
   507  
   508  	case TUNSAFEPTR:
   509  		b.WriteString("unsafe.Pointer")
   510  
   511  	case Txxx:
   512  		b.WriteString("Txxx")
   513  
   514  	default:
   515  		// Don't know how to handle - fall back to detailed prints
   516  		b.WriteString(t.Kind().String())
   517  		b.WriteString(" <")
   518  		sconv2(b, t.Sym(), 'v', mode)
   519  		b.WriteString(">")
   520  
   521  	}
   522  }
   523  
   524  func formatParams(b *bytes.Buffer, params []*Field, mode fmtMode, visited map[*Type]int) {
   525  	b.WriteByte('(')
   526  	fieldVerb := 'v'
   527  	switch mode {
   528  	case fmtTypeID, fmtTypeIDName, fmtGo:
   529  		// no argument names on function signature, and no "noescape"/"nosplit" tags
   530  		fieldVerb = 'S'
   531  	}
   532  	for i, param := range params {
   533  		if i != 0 {
   534  			b.WriteString(", ")
   535  		}
   536  		fldconv(b, param, fieldVerb, mode, visited, true)
   537  	}
   538  	b.WriteByte(')')
   539  }
   540  
   541  func fldconv(b *bytes.Buffer, f *Field, verb rune, mode fmtMode, visited map[*Type]int, isParam bool) {
   542  	if f == nil {
   543  		b.WriteString("<T>")
   544  		return
   545  	}
   546  
   547  	var name string
   548  	nameSep := " "
   549  	if verb != 'S' {
   550  		s := f.Sym
   551  
   552  		// Using type aliases and embedded fields, it's possible to
   553  		// construct types that can't be directly represented as a
   554  		// type literal. For example, given "type Int = int" (#50190),
   555  		// it would be incorrect to format "struct{ Int }" as either
   556  		// "struct{ int }" or "struct{ Int int }", because those each
   557  		// represent other, distinct types.
   558  		//
   559  		// So for the purpose of LinkString (i.e., fmtTypeID), we use
   560  		// the non-standard syntax "struct{ Int = int }" to represent
   561  		// embedded fields that have been renamed through the use of
   562  		// type aliases.
   563  		if f.Embedded != 0 {
   564  			if mode == fmtTypeID {
   565  				nameSep = " = "
   566  
   567  				// Compute tsym, the symbol that would normally be used as
   568  				// the field name when embedding f.Type.
   569  				// TODO(mdempsky): Check for other occurrences of this logic
   570  				// and deduplicate.
   571  				typ := f.Type
   572  				if typ.IsPtr() {
   573  					base.Assertf(typ.Sym() == nil, "embedded pointer type has name: %L", typ)
   574  					typ = typ.Elem()
   575  				}
   576  				tsym := typ.Sym()
   577  
   578  				// If the field name matches the embedded type's name, then
   579  				// suppress printing of the field name. For example, format
   580  				// "struct{ T }" as simply that instead of "struct{ T = T }".
   581  				if tsym != nil && (s == tsym || IsExported(tsym.Name) && s.Name == tsym.Name) {
   582  					s = nil
   583  				}
   584  			} else {
   585  				// Suppress the field name for embedded fields for
   586  				// non-LinkString formats, to match historical behavior.
   587  				// TODO(mdempsky): Re-evaluate this.
   588  				s = nil
   589  			}
   590  		}
   591  
   592  		if s != nil {
   593  			if isParam {
   594  				name = fmt.Sprint(f.Nname)
   595  			} else if verb == 'L' {
   596  				name = s.Name
   597  				if !IsExported(name) && mode != fmtTypeIDName {
   598  					name = sconv(s, 0, mode) // qualify non-exported names (used on structs, not on funarg)
   599  				}
   600  			} else {
   601  				name = sconv(s, 0, mode)
   602  			}
   603  		}
   604  	}
   605  
   606  	if name != "" {
   607  		b.WriteString(name)
   608  		b.WriteString(nameSep)
   609  	}
   610  
   611  	if f.IsDDD() {
   612  		var et *Type
   613  		if f.Type != nil {
   614  			et = f.Type.Elem()
   615  		}
   616  		b.WriteString("...")
   617  		tconv2(b, et, 0, mode, visited)
   618  	} else {
   619  		tconv2(b, f.Type, 0, mode, visited)
   620  	}
   621  
   622  	if verb != 'S' && !isParam && f.Note != "" {
   623  		b.WriteString(" ")
   624  		b.WriteString(strconv.Quote(f.Note))
   625  	}
   626  }
   627  
   628  // SplitVargenSuffix returns name split into a base string and a ·N
   629  // suffix, if any.
   630  func SplitVargenSuffix(name string) (base, suffix string) {
   631  	i := len(name)
   632  	for i > 0 && name[i-1] >= '0' && name[i-1] <= '9' {
   633  		i--
   634  	}
   635  	const dot = "·"
   636  	if i >= len(dot) && name[i-len(dot):i] == dot {
   637  		i -= len(dot)
   638  		return name[:i], name[i:]
   639  	}
   640  	return name, ""
   641  }
   642  
   643  // TypeHash computes a hash value for type t to use in type switch statements.
   644  func TypeHash(t *Type) uint32 {
   645  	p := t.LinkString()
   646  
   647  	// Using SHA256 is overkill, but reduces accidental collisions.
   648  	h := notsha256.Sum256([]byte(p))
   649  	return binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(h[:4])
   650  }
   651
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