Source file
src/net/tcpsock_test.go
1
2
3
4
5 package net
6
7 import (
8 "context"
9 "errors"
10 "fmt"
11 "internal/testenv"
12 "io"
13 "os"
14 "reflect"
15 "runtime"
16 "sync"
17 "testing"
18 "time"
19 )
20
21 func BenchmarkTCP4OneShot(b *testing.B) {
22 benchmarkTCP(b, false, false, "127.0.0.1:0")
23 }
24
25 func BenchmarkTCP4OneShotTimeout(b *testing.B) {
26 benchmarkTCP(b, false, true, "127.0.0.1:0")
27 }
28
29 func BenchmarkTCP4Persistent(b *testing.B) {
30 benchmarkTCP(b, true, false, "127.0.0.1:0")
31 }
32
33 func BenchmarkTCP4PersistentTimeout(b *testing.B) {
34 benchmarkTCP(b, true, true, "127.0.0.1:0")
35 }
36
37 func BenchmarkTCP6OneShot(b *testing.B) {
38 if !supportsIPv6() {
39 b.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
40 }
41 benchmarkTCP(b, false, false, "[::1]:0")
42 }
43
44 func BenchmarkTCP6OneShotTimeout(b *testing.B) {
45 if !supportsIPv6() {
46 b.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
47 }
48 benchmarkTCP(b, false, true, "[::1]:0")
49 }
50
51 func BenchmarkTCP6Persistent(b *testing.B) {
52 if !supportsIPv6() {
53 b.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
54 }
55 benchmarkTCP(b, true, false, "[::1]:0")
56 }
57
58 func BenchmarkTCP6PersistentTimeout(b *testing.B) {
59 if !supportsIPv6() {
60 b.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
61 }
62 benchmarkTCP(b, true, true, "[::1]:0")
63 }
64
65 func benchmarkTCP(b *testing.B, persistent, timeout bool, laddr string) {
66 testHookUninstaller.Do(uninstallTestHooks)
67
68 const msgLen = 512
69 conns := b.N
70 numConcurrent := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1) * 2
71 msgs := 1
72 if persistent {
73 conns = numConcurrent
74 msgs = b.N / conns
75 if msgs == 0 {
76 msgs = 1
77 }
78 if conns > b.N {
79 conns = b.N
80 }
81 }
82 sendMsg := func(c Conn, buf []byte) bool {
83 n, err := c.Write(buf)
84 if n != len(buf) || err != nil {
85 b.Log(err)
86 return false
87 }
88 return true
89 }
90 recvMsg := func(c Conn, buf []byte) bool {
91 for read := 0; read != len(buf); {
92 n, err := c.Read(buf)
93 read += n
94 if err != nil {
95 b.Log(err)
96 return false
97 }
98 }
99 return true
100 }
101 ln, err := Listen("tcp", laddr)
102 if err != nil {
103 b.Fatal(err)
104 }
105 defer ln.Close()
106 serverSem := make(chan bool, numConcurrent)
107
108 go func() {
109 for {
110 c, err := ln.Accept()
111 if err != nil {
112 break
113 }
114 serverSem <- true
115
116 go func(c Conn) {
117 defer func() {
118 c.Close()
119 <-serverSem
120 }()
121 if timeout {
122 c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
123 }
124 var buf [msgLen]byte
125 for m := 0; m < msgs; m++ {
126 if !recvMsg(c, buf[:]) || !sendMsg(c, buf[:]) {
127 break
128 }
129 }
130 }(c)
131 }
132 }()
133 clientSem := make(chan bool, numConcurrent)
134 for i := 0; i < conns; i++ {
135 clientSem <- true
136
137 go func() {
138 defer func() {
139 <-clientSem
140 }()
141 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
142 if err != nil {
143 b.Log(err)
144 return
145 }
146 defer c.Close()
147 if timeout {
148 c.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
149 }
150 var buf [msgLen]byte
151 for m := 0; m < msgs; m++ {
152 if !sendMsg(c, buf[:]) || !recvMsg(c, buf[:]) {
153 break
154 }
155 }
156 }()
157 }
158 for i := 0; i < numConcurrent; i++ {
159 clientSem <- true
160 serverSem <- true
161 }
162 }
163
164 func BenchmarkTCP4ConcurrentReadWrite(b *testing.B) {
165 benchmarkTCPConcurrentReadWrite(b, "127.0.0.1:0")
166 }
167
168 func BenchmarkTCP6ConcurrentReadWrite(b *testing.B) {
169 if !supportsIPv6() {
170 b.Skip("ipv6 is not supported")
171 }
172 benchmarkTCPConcurrentReadWrite(b, "[::1]:0")
173 }
174
175 func benchmarkTCPConcurrentReadWrite(b *testing.B, laddr string) {
176 testHookUninstaller.Do(uninstallTestHooks)
177
178
179
180
181
182
183 b.StopTimer()
184
185 P := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
186 N := b.N / P
187 W := 1000
188
189
190 clients := make([]Conn, P)
191 servers := make([]Conn, P)
192 ln, err := Listen("tcp", laddr)
193 if err != nil {
194 b.Fatal(err)
195 }
196 defer ln.Close()
197 done := make(chan bool)
198 go func() {
199 for p := 0; p < P; p++ {
200 s, err := ln.Accept()
201 if err != nil {
202 b.Error(err)
203 return
204 }
205 servers[p] = s
206 }
207 done <- true
208 }()
209 for p := 0; p < P; p++ {
210 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
211 if err != nil {
212 b.Fatal(err)
213 }
214 clients[p] = c
215 }
216 <-done
217
218 b.StartTimer()
219
220 var wg sync.WaitGroup
221 wg.Add(4 * P)
222 for p := 0; p < P; p++ {
223
224 go func(c Conn) {
225 defer wg.Done()
226 var buf [1]byte
227 for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
228 v := byte(i)
229 for w := 0; w < W; w++ {
230 v *= v
231 }
232 buf[0] = v
233 _, err := c.Write(buf[:])
234 if err != nil {
235 b.Error(err)
236 return
237 }
238 }
239 }(clients[p])
240
241
242 pipe := make(chan byte, 128)
243
244
245 go func(s Conn) {
246 defer wg.Done()
247 var buf [1]byte
248 for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
249 _, err := s.Read(buf[:])
250 if err != nil {
251 b.Error(err)
252 return
253 }
254 pipe <- buf[0]
255 }
256 }(servers[p])
257
258
259 go func(s Conn) {
260 defer wg.Done()
261 var buf [1]byte
262 for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
263 v := <-pipe
264 for w := 0; w < W; w++ {
265 v *= v
266 }
267 buf[0] = v
268 _, err := s.Write(buf[:])
269 if err != nil {
270 b.Error(err)
271 return
272 }
273 }
274 s.Close()
275 }(servers[p])
276
277
278 go func(c Conn) {
279 defer wg.Done()
280 var buf [1]byte
281 for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
282 _, err := c.Read(buf[:])
283 if err != nil {
284 b.Error(err)
285 return
286 }
287 }
288 c.Close()
289 }(clients[p])
290 }
291 wg.Wait()
292 }
293
294 type resolveTCPAddrTest struct {
295 network string
296 litAddrOrName string
297 addr *TCPAddr
298 err error
299 }
300
301 var resolveTCPAddrTests = []resolveTCPAddrTest{
302 {"tcp", "127.0.0.1:0", &TCPAddr{IP: IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0}, nil},
303 {"tcp4", "127.0.0.1:65535", &TCPAddr{IP: IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 65535}, nil},
304
305 {"tcp", "[::1]:0", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 0}, nil},
306 {"tcp6", "[::1]:65535", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 65535}, nil},
307
308 {"tcp", "[::1%en0]:1", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 1, Zone: "en0"}, nil},
309 {"tcp6", "[::1%911]:2", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 2, Zone: "911"}, nil},
310
311 {"", "127.0.0.1:0", &TCPAddr{IP: IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0}, nil},
312 {"", "[::1]:0", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::1"), Port: 0}, nil},
313
314 {"tcp", ":12345", &TCPAddr{Port: 12345}, nil},
315
316 {"http", "127.0.0.1:0", nil, UnknownNetworkError("http")},
317
318 {"tcp", "127.0.0.1:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: 80}, nil},
319 {"tcp", "[::ffff:127.0.0.1]:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("::ffff:127.0.0.1"), Port: 80}, nil},
320 {"tcp", "[2001:db8::1]:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 80}, nil},
321 {"tcp4", "127.0.0.1:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: 80}, nil},
322 {"tcp4", "[::ffff:127.0.0.1]:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: 80}, nil},
323 {"tcp6", "[2001:db8::1]:http", &TCPAddr{IP: ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 80}, nil},
324
325 {"tcp4", "[2001:db8::1]:http", nil, &AddrError{Err: errNoSuitableAddress.Error(), Addr: "2001:db8::1"}},
326 {"tcp6", "127.0.0.1:http", nil, &AddrError{Err: errNoSuitableAddress.Error(), Addr: "127.0.0.1"}},
327 {"tcp6", "[::ffff:127.0.0.1]:http", nil, &AddrError{Err: errNoSuitableAddress.Error(), Addr: "::ffff:127.0.0.1"}},
328 }
329
330 func TestResolveTCPAddr(t *testing.T) {
331 origTestHookLookupIP := testHookLookupIP
332 defer func() { testHookLookupIP = origTestHookLookupIP }()
333 testHookLookupIP = lookupLocalhost
334
335 for _, tt := range resolveTCPAddrTests {
336 addr, err := ResolveTCPAddr(tt.network, tt.litAddrOrName)
337 if !reflect.DeepEqual(addr, tt.addr) || !reflect.DeepEqual(err, tt.err) {
338 t.Errorf("ResolveTCPAddr(%q, %q) = %#v, %v, want %#v, %v", tt.network, tt.litAddrOrName, addr, err, tt.addr, tt.err)
339 continue
340 }
341 if err == nil {
342 addr2, err := ResolveTCPAddr(addr.Network(), addr.String())
343 if !reflect.DeepEqual(addr2, tt.addr) || err != tt.err {
344 t.Errorf("(%q, %q): ResolveTCPAddr(%q, %q) = %#v, %v, want %#v, %v", tt.network, tt.litAddrOrName, addr.Network(), addr.String(), addr2, err, tt.addr, tt.err)
345 }
346 }
347 }
348 }
349
350 var tcpListenerNameTests = []struct {
351 net string
352 laddr *TCPAddr
353 }{
354 {"tcp4", &TCPAddr{IP: IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)}},
355 {"tcp4", &TCPAddr{}},
356 {"tcp4", nil},
357 }
358
359 func TestTCPListenerName(t *testing.T) {
360 testenv.MustHaveExternalNetwork(t)
361
362 for _, tt := range tcpListenerNameTests {
363 ln, err := ListenTCP(tt.net, tt.laddr)
364 if err != nil {
365 t.Fatal(err)
366 }
367 defer ln.Close()
368 la := ln.Addr()
369 if a, ok := la.(*TCPAddr); !ok || a.Port == 0 {
370 t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with non-zero port number", la)
371 }
372 }
373 }
374
375 func TestIPv6LinkLocalUnicastTCP(t *testing.T) {
376 testenv.MustHaveExternalNetwork(t)
377
378 if !supportsIPv6() {
379 t.Skip("IPv6 is not supported")
380 }
381
382 for i, tt := range ipv6LinkLocalUnicastTCPTests {
383 ln, err := Listen(tt.network, tt.address)
384 if err != nil {
385
386
387 t.Log(err)
388 continue
389 }
390 ls := (&streamListener{Listener: ln}).newLocalServer()
391 defer ls.teardown()
392 ch := make(chan error, 1)
393 handler := func(ls *localServer, ln Listener) { ls.transponder(ln, ch) }
394 if err := ls.buildup(handler); err != nil {
395 t.Fatal(err)
396 }
397 if la, ok := ln.Addr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && la.Zone == "" {
398 t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", la)
399 }
400
401 c, err := Dial(tt.network, ls.Listener.Addr().String())
402 if err != nil {
403 t.Fatal(err)
404 }
405 defer c.Close()
406 if la, ok := c.LocalAddr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && la.Zone == "" {
407 t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", la)
408 }
409 if ra, ok := c.RemoteAddr().(*TCPAddr); !ok || !tt.nameLookup && ra.Zone == "" {
410 t.Fatalf("got %v; expected a proper address with zone identifier", ra)
411 }
412
413 if _, err := c.Write([]byte("TCP OVER IPV6 LINKLOCAL TEST")); err != nil {
414 t.Fatal(err)
415 }
416 b := make([]byte, 32)
417 if _, err := c.Read(b); err != nil {
418 t.Fatal(err)
419 }
420
421 for err := range ch {
422 t.Errorf("#%d: %v", i, err)
423 }
424 }
425 }
426
427 func TestTCPConcurrentAccept(t *testing.T) {
428 defer runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(4))
429 ln, err := Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
430 if err != nil {
431 t.Fatal(err)
432 }
433 const N = 10
434 var wg sync.WaitGroup
435 wg.Add(N)
436 for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
437 go func() {
438 for {
439 c, err := ln.Accept()
440 if err != nil {
441 break
442 }
443 c.Close()
444 }
445 wg.Done()
446 }()
447 }
448 attempts := 10 * N
449 fails := 0
450 d := &Dialer{Timeout: 200 * time.Millisecond}
451 for i := 0; i < attempts; i++ {
452 c, err := d.Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
453 if err != nil {
454 fails++
455 } else {
456 c.Close()
457 }
458 }
459 ln.Close()
460 wg.Wait()
461 if fails > attempts/9 {
462 t.Fatalf("too many Dial failed: %v", fails)
463 }
464 if fails > 0 {
465 t.Logf("# of failed Dials: %v", fails)
466 }
467 }
468
469 func TestTCPReadWriteAllocs(t *testing.T) {
470 switch runtime.GOOS {
471 case "plan9":
472
473
474
475 t.Skipf("not supported on %s", runtime.GOOS)
476 }
477
478 ln, err := Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
479 if err != nil {
480 t.Fatal(err)
481 }
482 defer ln.Close()
483 var server Conn
484 errc := make(chan error, 1)
485 go func() {
486 var err error
487 server, err = ln.Accept()
488 errc <- err
489 }()
490 client, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
491 if err != nil {
492 t.Fatal(err)
493 }
494 defer client.Close()
495 if err := <-errc; err != nil {
496 t.Fatal(err)
497 }
498 defer server.Close()
499
500 var buf [128]byte
501 allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
502 _, err := server.Write(buf[:])
503 if err != nil {
504 t.Fatal(err)
505 }
506 _, err = io.ReadFull(client, buf[:])
507 if err != nil {
508 t.Fatal(err)
509 }
510 })
511 if allocs > 0 {
512 t.Fatalf("got %v; want 0", allocs)
513 }
514
515 var bufwrt [128]byte
516 ch := make(chan bool)
517 defer close(ch)
518 go func() {
519 for <-ch {
520 _, err := server.Write(bufwrt[:])
521 errc <- err
522 }
523 }()
524 allocs = testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
525 ch <- true
526 if _, err = io.ReadFull(client, buf[:]); err != nil {
527 t.Fatal(err)
528 }
529 if err := <-errc; err != nil {
530 t.Fatal(err)
531 }
532 })
533 if allocs > 0 {
534 t.Fatalf("got %v; want 0", allocs)
535 }
536 }
537
538 func TestTCPStress(t *testing.T) {
539 const conns = 2
540 const msgLen = 512
541 msgs := int(1e4)
542 if testing.Short() {
543 msgs = 1e2
544 }
545
546 sendMsg := func(c Conn, buf []byte) bool {
547 n, err := c.Write(buf)
548 if n != len(buf) || err != nil {
549 t.Log(err)
550 return false
551 }
552 return true
553 }
554 recvMsg := func(c Conn, buf []byte) bool {
555 for read := 0; read != len(buf); {
556 n, err := c.Read(buf)
557 read += n
558 if err != nil {
559 t.Log(err)
560 return false
561 }
562 }
563 return true
564 }
565
566 ln, err := Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
567 if err != nil {
568 t.Fatal(err)
569 }
570 done := make(chan bool)
571
572 go func() {
573 defer func() {
574 done <- true
575 }()
576 for {
577 c, err := ln.Accept()
578 if err != nil {
579 break
580 }
581
582 go func(c Conn) {
583 defer c.Close()
584 var buf [msgLen]byte
585 for m := 0; m < msgs; m++ {
586 if !recvMsg(c, buf[:]) || !sendMsg(c, buf[:]) {
587 break
588 }
589 }
590 }(c)
591 }
592 }()
593 for i := 0; i < conns; i++ {
594
595 go func() {
596 defer func() {
597 done <- true
598 }()
599 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
600 if err != nil {
601 t.Log(err)
602 return
603 }
604 defer c.Close()
605 var buf [msgLen]byte
606 for m := 0; m < msgs; m++ {
607 if !sendMsg(c, buf[:]) || !recvMsg(c, buf[:]) {
608 break
609 }
610 }
611 }()
612 }
613 for i := 0; i < conns; i++ {
614 <-done
615 }
616 ln.Close()
617 <-done
618 }
619
620
621
622 func TestTCPBig(t *testing.T) {
623 if !*testTCPBig {
624 t.Skip("test disabled; use -tcpbig to enable")
625 }
626
627 for _, writev := range []bool{false, true} {
628 t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("writev=%v", writev), func(t *testing.T) {
629 ln := newLocalListener(t, "tcp")
630 defer ln.Close()
631
632 x := int(1 << 30)
633 x = x*5 + 1<<20
634 done := make(chan int)
635 go func() {
636 defer close(done)
637 c, err := ln.Accept()
638 if err != nil {
639 t.Error(err)
640 return
641 }
642 buf := make([]byte, x)
643 var n int
644 if writev {
645 var n64 int64
646 n64, err = (&Buffers{buf}).WriteTo(c)
647 n = int(n64)
648 } else {
649 n, err = c.Write(buf)
650 }
651 if n != len(buf) || err != nil {
652 t.Errorf("Write(buf) = %d, %v, want %d, nil", n, err, x)
653 }
654 c.Close()
655 }()
656
657 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
658 if err != nil {
659 t.Fatal(err)
660 }
661 buf := make([]byte, x)
662 n, err := io.ReadFull(c, buf)
663 if n != len(buf) || err != nil {
664 t.Errorf("Read(buf) = %d, %v, want %d, nil", n, err, x)
665 }
666 c.Close()
667 <-done
668 })
669 }
670 }
671
672 func TestCopyPipeIntoTCP(t *testing.T) {
673 switch runtime.GOOS {
674 case "js", "wasip1":
675 t.Skipf("skipping: os.Pipe not supported on %s", runtime.GOOS)
676 }
677
678 ln := newLocalListener(t, "tcp")
679 defer ln.Close()
680
681 errc := make(chan error, 1)
682 defer func() {
683 if err := <-errc; err != nil {
684 t.Error(err)
685 }
686 }()
687 go func() {
688 c, err := ln.Accept()
689 if err != nil {
690 errc <- err
691 return
692 }
693 defer c.Close()
694
695 buf := make([]byte, 100)
696 n, err := io.ReadFull(c, buf)
697 if err != io.ErrUnexpectedEOF || n != 2 {
698 errc <- fmt.Errorf("got err=%q n=%v; want err=%q n=2", err, n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
699 return
700 }
701
702 errc <- nil
703 }()
704
705 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
706 if err != nil {
707 t.Fatal(err)
708 }
709 defer c.Close()
710
711 r, w, err := os.Pipe()
712 if err != nil {
713 t.Fatal(err)
714 }
715 defer r.Close()
716
717 errc2 := make(chan error, 1)
718 defer func() {
719 if err := <-errc2; err != nil {
720 t.Error(err)
721 }
722 }()
723
724 defer w.Close()
725
726 go func() {
727 _, err := io.Copy(c, r)
728 errc2 <- err
729 }()
730
731
732
733 packet := make([]byte, 1)
734 _, err = w.Write(packet)
735 if err != nil {
736 t.Fatal(err)
737 }
738 time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
739 _, err = w.Write(packet)
740 if err != nil {
741 t.Fatal(err)
742 }
743 }
744
745 func BenchmarkSetReadDeadline(b *testing.B) {
746 ln := newLocalListener(b, "tcp")
747 defer ln.Close()
748 var serv Conn
749 done := make(chan error)
750 go func() {
751 var err error
752 serv, err = ln.Accept()
753 done <- err
754 }()
755 c, err := Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
756 if err != nil {
757 b.Fatal(err)
758 }
759 defer c.Close()
760 if err := <-done; err != nil {
761 b.Fatal(err)
762 }
763 defer serv.Close()
764 c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour))
765 deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
766 b.ResetTimer()
767 for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
768 c.SetReadDeadline(deadline)
769 deadline = deadline.Add(1)
770 }
771 }
772
773 func TestDialTCPDefaultKeepAlive(t *testing.T) {
774 ln := newLocalListener(t, "tcp")
775 defer ln.Close()
776
777 got := time.Duration(-1)
778 testHookSetKeepAlive = func(cfg KeepAliveConfig) { got = cfg.Idle }
779 defer func() { testHookSetKeepAlive = func(KeepAliveConfig) {} }()
780
781 c, err := DialTCP("tcp", nil, ln.Addr().(*TCPAddr))
782 if err != nil {
783 t.Fatal(err)
784 }
785 defer c.Close()
786
787 if got != 0 {
788 t.Errorf("got keepalive %v; want %v", got, defaultTCPKeepAliveIdle)
789 }
790 }
791
792 func TestTCPListenAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
793
794
795
796
797 ln := newLocalListener(t, "tcp")
798 defer ln.Close()
799
800 var wg sync.WaitGroup
801 ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
802
803 d := &Dialer{}
804 for n := 2; n > 0; n-- {
805 wg.Add(1)
806 go func() {
807 defer wg.Done()
808
809 c, err := d.DialContext(ctx, ln.Addr().Network(), ln.Addr().String())
810 if err == nil {
811 <-ctx.Done()
812 c.Close()
813 }
814 }()
815 }
816
817 c, err := ln.Accept()
818 if err == nil {
819 c.Close()
820 } else {
821 t.Error(err)
822 }
823 time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
824 cancel()
825 wg.Wait()
826 ln.Close()
827
828 c, err = ln.Accept()
829 if !errors.Is(err, ErrClosed) {
830 if err == nil {
831 c.Close()
832 }
833 t.Errorf("after l.Close(), l.Accept() = _, %v\nwant %v", err, ErrClosed)
834 }
835 }
836
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